HOW TO MAKE PAAK A NAJIS THING WITH UNDER-KURR WATER, KURR WATER OR RUNNING WATER

T H I N G S

(a) If a najis thing, after removing the najasat, is immersed once in Kurr or running water, in such a way that water reaches all its najis parts, it becomes paak.

(b) If a thing becomes najis with najasat other than urine it can be made paak with under-kurr water by first removing the najasat and then pouring under kurr water once, allowing it to flow off.

(c) When a thing has become najis with urine, it can be made paak with under-kurr water by pouring under-kurr water once on it, and as the water flows off eliminating all the traces of urine, the thing will become paak.

B O D Y

(a) If a body becomes najis, and if the Najasat is removed in Kurr or running water, the body will become paak, except when it becomes najis because of urine, for which one washing is not enough. It needs two washing. But it is not necessary to walk in and out of water to achieve two washings. If a person under water wipes the najis part with hand, allowing water to reach there again, it will suffice.

(b) If a part of the najis body is washed with under-kurr water the parts adjacent to it where water usually reaches will become paak, when the najis part becomes paak. It means that it is not necessary to wash those sides independently, as the najis part and parts around it become paak together.

H A I R

(a) If the najis hair of head or face is washed with under-kurr water and if it is not overgrown, it is not necessary to squeeze them for remaining water to flow off.

F O O D

(a) If the exterior of wheat, rice, soap, etc. becomes najis, it becomes paak by dipping it in kurr or running water. But if their interior becomes najis, they will be paak if kurr or running water reaches the internal parts. However, in the case of a soap and similar objects, water does not reach the internal parts at all.

Note: If one doubts whether najis water has seeped into the interior of soap or not, its interior will be considered paak.

(b) If the outer part of rice, meat, or any other similar thing becomes najis, it may be placed in a bowl, etc., and then water is poured on it once. Then the bowl is emptied so that the object in it becomes paak. But if the bowl itself is najis, this process must be repeated three times. At the end, the bowl will also become paak.

(c) If najis food remains between the teeth, and water is taken in the mouth and moved in such a way that it reaches the entire najis food, the food becomes paak.

(d) If najis sugar, or syrup is turned into solid cubes, or granules, it will not become paak if it is immersed in kurr or running water.

Before making anything paak it is necessary to remove any oily or greasy substances which would prevent water from reaching the thing to be made paak

Q) If a very negligible small drop of blood falls in the food while cooking, since the food is being heated, will the entire food be considered Najis?

A) Even a small particle of blood falling in the food, while it is being boiled, will make the entire food together with its container najis, as per obligatory precaution, & boiling, heat, or fire does not make it Pak.

H O W   T O   M A K E   P A A K   H O U S E H O L D   U T E N S I L

(a) The interior of a najis vessel or utensil must be washed three times if less than kurr water is used, and as per obligatory precaution, the same will apply if kurr or running water is used.

(b) If a dog drinks any liquid from a utensil [or licks it and something remains in it] it should first be scrubbed with paak earth, and after washing off the dust, it should be washed twice with kurr water or lesser water.

(c) If the saliva of a dog falls into the vessel, as per obligatory precaution, it should be scrubbed with paak earth, and after washing off the dust, it should be washed three times. If the mouth of a utensil which a dog has licked is narrow, dust should be thrown into it and after adding some quantity of water, it should be shaken vigorously, so that the dust may reach all parts of it. Thereafter, the utensil should be washed in the manner mentioned above.

(d) If a utensil is licked by a pig, or if it drinks any liquid from it, or in which a field-mouse has died in it, then it should be washed seven times with running water, kurr or under-kurr water.

(e) If a utensil becomes najis with of alcoholic beverage, it should be washed three times with kurr or under-kurr or running water.

(f) A najis utensil can be made paak with under-kurr water in two ways.

(i) The utensil should be filled up with water and emptied three times.
(ii) Some quantity of water is poured in it, and then the utensil is vigorously shaken, so that the water reaches all najis parts before it is spilled. This should be done three times.

C L O T H   A N D   C A R P E T

(a) A najis cloth or carpet when immersed once in kurr or running water, in such a way that water reaches all its najis parts, it becomes paak. It is not necessary to squeeze or wring or press it. If it becomes najis with urine, it must be washed twice.

(b) If a najis cloth or carpet is to be made paak with under-kurr water, it should be washed once but it must be wrung or squeezed till the water remaining in it runs out. If it becomes najis with urine, it must be washed twice and also squeezed or wrung each time till the water remaining in it runs out.

(c) If a najis dress which has been dyed is dipped into kurr or running water, it will become paak if water reaches all its parts before water becomes mudhaaf with color. But if it is made paak with under-kurr water, it will become paak only if mudhaaf water does not come out at the time of wringing or squeezing.

(d) If a part of najis dress or carpet is washed with under-kurr water, the parts adjacent to it where water usually reaches will become paak, when the najis part becomes paak. It means that it is not necessary to wash those sides independently, as the najis part and parts around it become paak together.

F L O O R

Paper # 2
Answers to the Questions asked obtained from
 Islamic Laws Book of Ayatullah al-Uzama Sayyid Ali al-Husaini Al-Seestani Dama Dhilluhu

A) Istibra is a recommended act for men after urinating. Its object is to ensure that no more urine is left in the urethra. There are certain ways of performing Istibra, & the best of them is that after the passing of urine, if the anus also becomes najis it is made Pak first.
Thereafter, the part between the anus & the root of penis should be pressed thrice, with the middle finger of the left hand. Then the thumb is placed on the penis, & the forefinger below it pressing three times up to the point of circumcision, then the front part of the penis should be jerked three times.

A) The moisture which is discharged by man during wooing & courtship, is called 'Mazi'. It is Pak, & so is the liquid which is seen after ejaculation. It is called 'Wazi'. Similarly, the liquid which at times comes out after urine, is called 'Wadi' & it is Pak if urine has not reached it. If a person performs Istibra after urinating, & then discharges liquid doubting whether it is urine, or one of the above mentioned three liquids, that liquid is Pak.

A) The urinary organ cannot be made Pak without water. If one uses kurr or running water, then washing the organ once will suffice, after removal of essential najasat. But, if one uses under-kurr water, then recommended precaution is to wash it twice , better still, three times.

Paper # 3
Answers to the Questions asked obtained from
Islamic Laws Book of Ayatullah al-Uzama Sayyid Ali al-Husaini Al-Seestani Dama Dhilluhu

A) (1) One should be certain, or satisfied that something is najis. If one suspects that something may be najis, it is not necessary to avoid it.

(2) If a reliable person who possesses, controls or manages a thing, says that it is najis. For example, if the wife, or a servant, or a maid says that a particular utensil or any other object which she handles, is najis, it will be accepted as najis.

(3) If two just persons testify that a certain thing is najis, provided that their testimony deals with the reason for najasat.

A) If a person suspects that there is dirt or something else in the eyebrows, & corners of his eyes, & on his lips, which does not permit water to reach them, & if that suspicion is reasonable, he should examine it before performing Wudhu, & remove any such thing if it is there.

PAPER # 16
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS. CONTEMPORARY LEAGEL RULINGS IN SHI'I LAW IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULING
(FATAWA) OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU

Hadhrat Fatimat-uz-Zahra (a.s.) said: "The best of you is the one whose treatment (with people) is the most moderate (& affectionate), & the worthiest of them are those who behave graciously (& honorably) with their wives.  Dalail-ul-Imamah

IMPORTED LEATHER Q27: A man is wearing a watch whose strap is made of natural leather imported from a non-Muslim country & he does not know whether the leather is from the skin of an animal slaughtered in the Islamic manner or not. The belt on his pants is made from the same kind of leather. Does he have to remove them when he intends to offer prayer?

A: His prayer is valid with them as long as there is a strong probability that the strap or the belt is from the skin of an animal whose flesh is edible & that was slaughtered in the shar'i manner. (FM, pp. 397-98)

Q28: What about a wallet placed inside the pocket during prayer if it is made of the same leather as the strap previously mentioned?

Q29: Suppose that he is confident that the strap or the belt is made from the skin of an animal that was not slaughtered in the Islamic manner but he prays with it due to forgetfulness & then remembers while praying, & immediately removes his watch or belt.

A: His prayer is valid unless his forgetfulness is due to carelessness & not giving due importance to the matter [in which case he is obliged to repeat his prayer]. (FM, p. 398)

Paper # 39 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

In our own evaluation, we judge a person by his deeds. This is so because we, as human beings, cannot know the motives of the doer. But does Allah judge the people in the same way? No, on the day of judgment, Allah will not judge by looking at the deed;
He will judge by looking at the motives. In Islamic value system, motive is as important as the deed itself. Rather according
to the Prophet, "Verily, the deeds are (evaluated according to) the motives." (Wasa'il, vol. 1, p. 33)

Question: Kindly explain to me how to go about purifying Najis things with water? Please, also include the various types of water & the various types of objects involved.

Answer: Water is either pure or mixed. Mixed water (Ma 'ul Muzaf) means the water which is obtained from something like melon juice, or rose water, or that water in which something else is mixed, (for example, so much dust is mixed in it that it may no longer be called water). Mixed water, however large its quantity may be, becomes NAJIS when even a small particle of Najasat falls in it. A Najis thing cannot be made Pak with mixed water nor are Ghusl & Wudhu valid when performed with mixed water.
Any water other than mixed water is called pure water (Ma'ul Mutlaq), & they are of five types: Kurr Water, Under Kurr Water, (Qaleel) Running Water, (Jaaree) Rain Water, Water of a Well
1) Kurr Water means water which fills a container which can carry a minimum of 388 litres. Tap water which is connected to a tap containing water equal to a Kurr is considered to be Kurr  water.
If essential Najasat like urine, blood, or anything which has become Najis, like a Najis cloth, falls in Kurr water & if the water acquires the smell, color, or taste of that Najasat, it becomes Najis; but if it does not, then it is not Najis.
2) Under-Kurr Water means water which does not sprint forth from the earth, & its quantity is less than a Kurr.
Under-Kurr water becomes Najis when even a small particle of Najasat falls in it. & it makes no difference whether its smell, color or taste changes or not.
3) Running Water is that water which springs forth from the earth & then flows, like the water of a spring or a canal.
The flowing or running water, even if it is less than a Kurr, does not become Najis upon contact with any Najasat, unless its smell, color, or taste changes due to that Najasat.
4) Rain Water. By rain is meant a sufficient downpour, & not scanty shower or droplets.
5) Water of a Well which springs forth from the earth, (although its quantity may be less than a Kurr) does not become Najis owing to something Najis falling in it, unless its color, smell or tast changes.
(to be continued next week)

Paper # 40 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

Do not acquire a bad reputation & do not allow your good reputation to be sullied. Do not mention hearsay things as authenticated facts, such a practice will be sufficient for you to be regarded by others as liar. Do not develop the habit of contradicting &
falsifying others on every occasion, it is a disgusting habit. Have a control on your temper. If you have  power to
retaliate, then forgive & forget. When in anger, be forbearing, patient & tolerant. (Nahjul Balagha, Letters # 69)

1) The water should be pure. 2) The water should be pak. 3) The water should not turn into mixed water (Muzaf) while the Najis thing is being washed.
Further more, the smell, color or taste of the Najasat  should not exist after the final washing, but if changes occur during earlier washing, there is no harm in it. For example, if a thing is being washed with pure & pak water and, in order to make it pak, it is necessary to wash it twice, it will become pak if the changes in water do not occur in the second washing. Any changes in water occurring in the first washing would not matter but it will have to be replaced with pure & pak water before the second washing.

Before making anything pak it is necessary to remove any oily or greasy substances which would prevent water from reaching the thing to be made pak. A najis thing does not become pak unless the essential najasat like urine, blood, etc. is removed from it. In other words, any particles of essential najasat should not remain behind in a najis thing after it has been washed. But there is no harm if the color or smell of the najasat remains in it. So, if blood is removed from a cloth, & the cloth is made pak with water, it will become pak even if the color or smell of blood remains in it. But if, on account of the smell or color, it becomes certain or seems possible that some particles of najasat  are still present in the cloth, etc. it will remain najis.  (to be continued next week) – How to make pak household utencils.

Paper # 41 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

[al-Kulayni narrates] through his chains from Muhammad ibn ‘Ajlaan that he said: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying: ‘Allah had put some people to shame because of their spreading [rumors], as He, the Mighty, the Great, says: & when there comes to them news of security or fear, they spread it. Therefore, take care not to spread [rumors]’.” (al-Kafi).
(continued from last week) Before making anything pak it is necessary to remove any oily or greasy substances which would prevent
water from reaching the thing to be made pak.

(a) The interior of a najis vessel or utensil must be washed three times if less than kurr water is used, & as per obligatory precaution, the same will apply if kurr or running water is used.
(b) If a dog drinks any liquid from a utensil [or licks it & something remains in it] it should first be scrubbed with pak earth, & after washing off the dust, it should be washed twice with kurr water or lesser water.
(c) If the saliva of a dog falls into the vessel, as per obligatory precaution, it should be scrubbed with pak earth, & after washing off the dust, it should be washed three times. If the mouth of a utensil which a dog has licked is narrow, dust should be thrown into it & after adding some quantity of water, it should be shaken vigorously, so that the dust may reach all parts of it. Thereafter, the utensil should be washed in the manner mentioned above.
(d) If a utensil is licked by a pig, or if it drinks any liquid from it, or in which a field-mouse has died in it, then it should be washed seven times with running water, kurr or under-kurr water.
(e) If a utensil becomes najis with of alcoholic beverage, it should be washed three times with kurr or under-kurr or running water.
(f) A najis utensil can be made pak with under-kurr water in two ways.
(i) The utensil should be filled up with water & emptied three times.
(ii) Some quantity of water is poured in it, & then the utensil is vigorously shaken, so that the water reaches all najis parts before it is spilled. This should be done three times.  (to be continued next week) – Thing, cloth & carpet.

Paper # 42  
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

The Holy Prophet [s.a.w.w.] said: "There will come a time for people that: they will not respect their scholars except for their
good clothing; they will not hearken to the Qur'an except for the pleasant voice; & they will not worship Allah except for  during the fasting month; there will be no shyness in their women, no patience in their poor ones; & no prosperity for their rich ones, they will not be contented with a small (portion), & they will not be satiated with abundance. They will strive (only) for
their stomach; their religion is their money (wealth); their women are their Qiblah (direction of worship); & their
homes are their mosques; they run away from their scholars just as lambs run away from wolves.
Then, when they become like that, the Lord will afflict them with three conditions. At first, He takes the prosperity from their properties. The second is that a cruel ruler will dominate them. The third is that they will pass away from this world without having (true) Faith." (Waqayi'-ul-'Ayyam, p. 439)

HOW TO MAKE PAK A NAJIS THING WITH UNDER-KURR WATER, KURR WATER OR RUNNING WATER.

THINGS (a) If a najis thing, after removing the najasat, is immersed once in Kurr or running water, in such a way that water reaches all its najis parts, it becomes pak.
(b) If a thing becomes najis with najasat other than urine it can be made pak with under-kurr water by first removing the najasat  & then pouring under kurr water once, allowing it to flow off.
(c) When a thing has become najis with urine, it can be made pak with under-kurr water by pouring under-kurr water once on it, & as the water flows off eliminating all the traces of urine, the thing will become pak.

BODY (a) If a body becomes najis, & if the Najasat is removed in Kurr or running water, the body will become pak, except when it becomes najis because of urine, for which one washing is not enough. It needs two washing. But it is not necessary to walk in & out of water to achieve two washings. If a person under water wipes the najis part with hand, allowing water to reach there again, it will suffice.
(b) If a part of the najis body is washed with under-kurr water the parts adjacent to it where water usually reaches will become pak, when the najis part becomes pak. It means that it is not necessary to wash those sides independently, as the najis part & parts around it become pak together. (to be continued next week) – Hair, Cloth, Carpet & Food.

Paper # 43 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

Asbaq-ibn-Nubatah has narrated from the first Imam, Amir ul Mu'mineen Ali [a.s.], who said the Prophet [s.a.w.w.] said: "When Allah Almighty & Glorious sends His wrath on a nation & does not punish (them) by it, then; their prices will go up (expensive), their lifetimes will shorten, their merchants will not gain profits, their fruits will not be abundant, their streams will not become brimful, their rain will be withheld from them, & their vicious ones will dominate over them." (Khisal by Saduq, vol. 2, p.360)
Note: The summary of this tradition is that if the destructive penalty does not destroy such a nation, they will be inflicted
with seven afflictions because of their committing sins. (continued from last week)

HAIR (a) If the najis hair of head or face is washed with under-kurr water & if it is not overgrown, it is not necessary to squeeze them for remaining water to flow off.

FOOD (a) If the exterior of wheat, rice, soap, etc. becomes najis, it becomes pak by dipping it in kurr or running water. But if their interior becomes najis, they will be pak if kurr or running water reaches the internal parts. However, in the case of a soap & similar objects, water does not reach the internal parts at all.
Note: If one doubts whether najis water has seeped into the interior of soap or not, its interior will be considered pak.
(b) If the outer part of rice, meat, or any other similar thing becomes najis, it may be placed in a bowl, etc., & then water is poured on it once. Then the bowl is emptied so that the object in it becomes pak. But if the bowl itself is najis, this process must be repeated three times. At the end, the bowl will also become pak.
(c) If najis food remains between the teeth, & water is taken in the mouth & moved in such a way that it reaches the entire najis food, the food becomes pak.
(d) If najis sugar, or syrup is turned into solid cubes, or granules, it will not become pak  if it is immersed in kurr or running water.
(to be continued next week) – Cloth, Carpet & Floor

Paper # 44 
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

The Holy Prophet [s.a.w.w.] said: "He who propagates religious affairs without having required competency does a disservice to
the religion rather than serving it." (Bihar-ul-Anwar, vol. 2, p.121)
The Holy Prophet [s.a.w.w.] said: "The abandoning of backbiting is more valuable to Allah, Almighty & Glorious, than
the performance of ten thous& rak'at of recommended prayers." (Bihar-ul-Anwar, vol. 75, p. 261)
Imam Amir-ul-Mu'mineen Ali [a] said: "The most vicious person is he who looks for other people's defects while he
overlooks his own faults." (Tara'if-ul-Hikam, p. 176) (continued from last week)

CLOTH & CARPET (a) A najis cloth or carpet when immersed once in kurr or running water, in such a way that water reaches all its najis parts, it becomes pak. It is not necessary to squeeze or wring or press it. If it becomes najis  with urine, it must be washed twice.
(b) If a najis cloth or carpet is to be made pak with under-kurr water, it should be washed once but it must be wrung or squeezed till the water remaining in it runs out. If it becomes najis with urine, it must be washed twice & also squeezed or wrung each time till the water remaining in it runs out.
(c) If a najis dress which has been dyed is dipped into kurr or running water, it will become pak if water reaches all its parts before water becomes mudhaaf with color. But if it is made pak with under-kurr water, it will become pak only if mudhaaf water does not come out at the time of wringing or squeezing.
(d) If a part of najis dress or carpet is washed with under-kurr water, the parts adjacent to it where water usually reaches will become pak, when the najis part becomes pak. It means that it is not necessary to wash those sides independently, as the najis part & parts around it become pak together.

FLOOR (a) If the floor which is made of stone, or bricks or other hard ground, in which water is not absorbed, becomes najis, it can be made pak with under-kurr water, but, it is necessary that so much water is poured on it that it begins to flow. & if that water is not drained out, & it collects there, it should be drawn out by a vessel or soaked by a cloth.

Paper # 59
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said: "There comes no night but that the angel of death calls to the dead in the graves & inquires
 what they regret for today when they have vividly seen (& known) this (next life). Then the dead will say: ‘Verily, we regret
 & envy the believers who are in their Mosques & they are praying while we are not; they give alms & we do not;
 theyfast during Ramadhan but we do not; they donate in charity what they have more than the need of their
family  members while we do not .." Irshad-ul-Qulub, p. 53

RULES REGARDING NAJAASAT Q) If the pages of the Holy Qur’an happen to become Najis, is it obligatory to make the same Paak?

A) To make the script & pages of Holy Qur’an Najis, & violate its sanctity, is undoubtedly Haraam, & if it becomes Najis, it should be made Paak immediately with water. In fact, as an obligatory precaution, it is Haraam to make it Najis even if no violation of sanctity is intended, & it is obligatory that it should be made Paak by washing it with water.

A) To sell or lend a Najis thing which can be made Paak, has no objection, but the buyer or the borrower must be told about it, particularly in the following two situations:
(i) That if he is not informed, he might contravene the law of Shariah, like, if he wants to eat or drink it.
(ii) That the buyer or borrower will pay heed to the advice. If one knows that it will have no effect, it will not be necessary to tell him.
Note: If a borrowed object becomes Najis, the borrower must inform the owner, provided the two situations mentioned above is observed.
Q) If I see a fellow Muslim eat or drink something Najis, or pray with a Najis dress, is it Wajib for me to draw his attention?
A) It is not necessary to admonish him.
Q) If I am invited for lunch or dinner in a Muslim house & during the meals, I become aware that a particular food served is Najis, is it Wajib for me to bring to the attention of other invited guests?
A) It is not necessary for you as a guest to inform others about it. But if the host comes to know during the meals, that that particular food served is Najis, he should inform the guests about it.
Note: It is Haraam to eat or drink or make others eat or drink something which has become Najis.

Paper # 60
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED OBTAINED FROM ISLAMIC LAWS BOOK OF AYATULLAH AL-UZAMA
SAYYID ALI AL-HUSAINI AL-SEESTANI DAMA DHILLUHU (unless otherwise indicated)

Sitting an hour in a learned gathering is better in the eyes of God than a thous& nights in each of which a thous& prayers are performed, & better than engaging in battle for the sake of God on thous& occasions, or better than reciting the whole of
the Quran twelve thous& times, or better than a whole year of worship during which one fasts on all days & spends the
 nights in prayer. If one leaves one's house with the intention of gaining knowledge, for every step that he takes, God shall bestow upon him the reward reserved for a prophet, & the reward accorded to a thous& martyrs of [the Battle of] Badr. & for
every word that he hears or writes, a city shall be set aside for him in paradise ....Jami’ al-Sa’adat (The Collector of Felicities).

TAHAARAT & NAJAASAT [RITUAL PURITY & IMPURITY Q) If I have a doubt that a particular thing has become najis, shall I act accordingly & consider it najis?

A) A well known religious law says: “Everything is ritually pure for you unless you come to know that it is ritually impure”. This law declares everything to be pure unless one becomes sure that a particular item has become impure. & as long as you are not sure that it has become ritually impure, it is to be considered pure & you can apply all the rules of purity to it without any hesitation or doubt.

A) The Ahlul Kitaab (that is, the Jews, the Christians & the Zoroastrians) are ritually pure (Taahir) as long as you do not know that they have become ritually impure (Najis) by coming into contact with an impure object. You can follow this ruling when dealing with them.

A) The first mutanajjis item would make the item that comes into contact with it impure; similarly, the second mutanajjis would make the item that comes into contact with it impure; but the third mutanajjis can no longer make other items impure no matter whether it is wet or dry.
Note: An item which is impure by itself is known ‘ayn najis’ or simply ‘najis’. The item that becomes impure by coming to wet contact with ‘ayn najis’ is known as ‘mutanajjis’, that is impure by secondary reason.

A) It is sufficient to wash it once. However, if the water is qalil, it is necessary to rid it of the water by wringing it.

A) The Ahlul Kitaab (that is, the Jews, the Christians & the Zoroastrians) are ritually pure (Taahir) as long as you do not know that they have become ritually impure (Najis) by coming into contact with an impure object. You can follow this ruling when dealing with them.

A) The first mutanajjis item would make the item that comes into contact with it impure; similarly, the second mutanajjis would make the item that comes into contact with it impure; but the third mutanajjis can no longer make other items impure no matter whether it is wet or dry.
Note: An item which is impure by itself is known ‘ayn najis’ or simply ‘najis’. The item that becomes impure by coming to wet contact with ‘ayn najis’ is known as ‘mutanajjis’, that is impure by secondary reason.